Immature Cow Woolly Mammoth tusk discovered in the river. Being the same color of the gravel and partially exposed, it was difficult to view. As I was entering the river from this position, a young grizzly bear burst out from the bush crossing the river and ran directly towards me. Not taking any notice of me, he then dove on a salmon and ran down the entire length of the gravel bar only to run back, again, towards me. He stopped a few feet away, slowly looked at me then crossed the river and returned to the bush whence he came. An eventful day...

Photo by helicopter south of Kotzebue towards Choris Peninsula viewing the right (west) side facing Escholtz Bay. The eroded bluffs are an example of glacial silt deposits laid down by Arctic winds ten thousand years ago. They are rich in fossil content and are frequently deposited on the beach or exposed on the bluff face.

Photo by Helicopter August 2009 flying south from Kotzebue towards Choris Peninsula then across to Deering village to the southwest. The eroded land mass in the photo is exposing Pleistocene fauna includeing Woolly Mammoth fossils.

Kotzebue village Alaska, along the waterfront and my expedition file for 2009. All of the logs to construct this residence has been brought up by barge probably from the Yukon river to the south, early twentieth century. This cabin has been built over the top of ancient sod houses that date back twelve hundred years and many artifacts have been recovered in it's foundation...